Claude Sonnet 4.5 exhibits functional emotions via abstract internal representations of emotion concepts that causally influence its preferences and misaligned behaviors without implying subjective experience.
Emotions where art thou: Understand- ing and characterizing the emotional latent space of large language models
2 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Open-weight instruction-aware encoders capture equal or greater affective information than proprietary models at word level across emotion theories, while task-tuned and proprietary encoders perform best on sentence-level classification.
citing papers explorer
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Emotion Concepts and their Function in a Large Language Model
Claude Sonnet 4.5 exhibits functional emotions via abstract internal representations of emotion concepts that causally influence its preferences and misaligned behaviors without implying subjective experience.
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A Comparative Study on Affective Cues in Text Embeddings Across Psychological Emotion Theories
Open-weight instruction-aware encoders capture equal or greater affective information than proprietary models at word level across emotion theories, while task-tuned and proprietary encoders perform best on sentence-level classification.