Dilepton yields in isospin-asymmetric QCD matter exhibit low-mass enhancement and a plateau in the pion-condensed phase, distinguishing it from chirally broken or restored phases.
Phase Structure of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model at Finite Isospin Density
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abstract
In the frame of flavor SU(2) Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with $U_A(1)$ breaking term we found that, the structure of two chiral phase transition lines does not exist at low isospin density in real world, and the critical isospin chemical potential for pion superfluidity is exactly the pion mass in the vacuum.
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Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.
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Dilepton Production as a Probe of Pion Condensation in Hot and Dense QCD Matter
Dilepton yields in isospin-asymmetric QCD matter exhibit low-mass enhancement and a plateau in the pion-condensed phase, distinguishing it from chirally broken or restored phases.
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Minimal superfluid vortices in chiral perturbation theory
Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.