Using lattice QCD with 3 to 6 colors and four quark flavors, the paper measures pion-pion scattering phase shifts and finds evidence consistent with a virtual bound state in one channel at three colors.
Tetraquark Mesons in Large $N$ Quantum Chromodynamics
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abstract
It is argued that exotic mesons consisting of two quarks and two antiquarks are not ruled out in quantum chromodynamics with a large number $N$ of colors, as generally thought. They can come in two varieties: short-lived tetraquarks with decay rates proportional to $N$, which would be unobservable if $N$ were sufficiently large, and long-lived tetraquarks with decay rates proportional to 1/N. The $f_0(500)$ and $f_0(980)$ may be examples of these two varieties of exotic mesons.
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Results on meson-meson scattering at large $N_\text{c}$
Using lattice QCD with 3 to 6 colors and four quark flavors, the paper measures pion-pion scattering phase shifts and finds evidence consistent with a virtual bound state in one channel at three colors.