Quasinormal modes of massless scalar and electromagnetic perturbations for Euler-Heisenberg black holes surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter

We investigate the quasinormal modes of massless scalar and electromagnetic perturbations in charged Euler--Heisenberg black holes surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. The quasinormal frequencies are calculated using the asymptotic iteration method and the sixth-order WKB approximation, and the relative deviation between the two methods is quantitatively analyzed to verify the reliability of results. The greybody factors for both perturbations are also evaluated within the sixth-order WKB framework. We systematically examine the effects of the black hole charge $Q$, nonlinear electrodynamic parameter $a$, dark matter parameter $\lambda$, and angular quantum number $l$ on the quasinormal frequencies and greybody factors. We find that these parameters significantly modify the structure of the effective potential barriers, and thus affect the oscillation frequencies, damping rates, and wave transmission and reflection properties of the perturbed fields.