Using Ulysses and SOHO MeV electron data, the authors set the strongest direct upper bound U_e^2 ~ 10^-6 on solar-produced heavy neutral leptons, reaching that value at a mass near 10 MeV.
Jovian electrons in the inner heliosphere: Opportunities for Multi-spacecraft Observations and Modeling
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abstract
In this paper we explore the idea of using multi-spacecraft observations of Jovian electrons to measure the 3D distribution of these particles in the inner heliosphere. We present simulations of Jovian electron intensities along selected spacecraft trajectories for 2021 and compare these, admittedly qualitatively, to these measurements. Using the data-model comparison we emphasize how such a study can be used to constrain the transport parameters in the inner heliosphere, and how this can lead to additional insight into energetic particle transport. Model results are also shown along the expected trajectories of selected spacecraft, including the off-ecliptic phase of the Solar Orbiter mission from 2025 onward. Lastly, we revisit the use of historical data and discuss upcoming missions that may contribute to Jovian electron measurements.
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Probing Solar Heavy Neutrinos with Heliospheric Electrons
Using Ulysses and SOHO MeV electron data, the authors set the strongest direct upper bound U_e^2 ~ 10^-6 on solar-produced heavy neutral leptons, reaching that value at a mass near 10 MeV.