This pedagogical review concludes that the Milky Way's claimed Keplerian rotation-curve decline is plausible but systematically challenged by Jeans-model biases and independent mass constraints.
Implications of the Milky Way Declining Rotation Curve
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abstract
Almost all spiral galaxies have been observed to have flattening rotation curves. The new Gaia DR3 released data shows a Milky Way sharply Keplerian declining rotation curve, starting at $\sim 16$ kpc and ending at 26.5 kpc. The data reduces the total Milky Way mass by an order of magnitude, $M=2.06\times 10^{11}M_{\odot}$, compared to the standard required dark matter halo mass, $(2-5)\times10^{12}M_\odot$. Newtonian and modified gravity (MOG) fits are applied to the Gaia DR3 rotation curve data. The fit obtained using MOG has a total mass of $M\sim1.3\times 10^{11}M_{\odot}$, while the Newtonian fit predicts a mass of $M\sim2\times 10^{11}M_{\odot}$. These are in excess of the estimated visible baryon mass of the Milky Way, $M_b\sim (0.6-1.0)\times 10^{11}M_{\odot}$. It is possible that if the cicumgalactic (CGM) plasma-gas continues to be confirmed experimentally, then the additional baryon mass required to account for the estimated total Milky Way mass could be attributed to the CGM hot plasma-gas halo.
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The Rotation Curve of the Milky Way: State of the Art, the Keplerian Decline Debate, and Implications for Dark Matter
This pedagogical review concludes that the Milky Way's claimed Keplerian rotation-curve decline is plausible but systematically challenged by Jeans-model biases and independent mass constraints.