One-loop quantum vacuum polarization in Einstein-scalar critical collapse generates a horizon and finite mass gap, enforcing black hole formation even under arbitrary fine-tuning.
Boson stars driven to the brink of black hole formation
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abstract
We present a study of black hole threshold phenomena for a self-gravitating, massive complex scalar field in spherical symmetry. We construct Type I critical solutions dynamically by tuning a one-parameter family of initial data composed of a boson star and a massless real scalar field. The real field is used to perturb the boson star via a gravitational interaction which results in a {\em significant} transfer of energy. The resulting critical solutions, which show great similarity with unstable boson stars, persist for a finite time before dispersing or forming a black hole. We extend the stability analysis of Gleiser and Watkins [Nucl. Phys. B319, 733 (1989)], providing a method for calculating the radial dependence of boson star modes of nonzero frequency. We find good agreement between our critical solutions and boson star modes. For critical solutions less than 90% of the maximum boson star mass $M_{\rm max} \simeq 0.633 M_{Pl}^2/m$, a small halo of matter appears in the tail of the solution. This halo appears to be an artifact of the collision between the original boson star and the real field, and does not belong to the true critical solution. It seems that unstable boson stars are unstable to dispersal in addition to black hole formation. Given the similarity in macroscopic stability between boson and neutron stars, we suggest that neutron stars at or beyond the point of instability may also be unstable to explosion.
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Semiclassical one-loop analysis of solvable near-critical collapse solutions shows quantum corrections selecting a Boulware-like state and producing a growing mode that yields a finite mass gap and a transition to Type I behavior, enforcing weak cosmic censorship.
Boson stars are particle-like solutions in general relativity that model dark matter, black hole mimickers, and binary systems.
citing papers explorer
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Quantum Critical Collapse Abhors a Naked Singularity
One-loop quantum vacuum polarization in Einstein-scalar critical collapse generates a horizon and finite mass gap, enforcing black hole formation even under arbitrary fine-tuning.
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Unveiling horizons in quantum critical collapse
Semiclassical one-loop analysis of solvable near-critical collapse solutions shows quantum corrections selecting a Boulware-like state and producing a growing mode that yields a finite mass gap and a transition to Type I behavior, enforcing weak cosmic censorship.
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Dynamical Boson Stars
Boson stars are particle-like solutions in general relativity that model dark matter, black hole mimickers, and binary systems.
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