LLMs memorize citations hierarchically: titles and first authors are recalled at lower redundancy levels than venues or years, with accuracy scaling log-linearly and saturating near verbatim reproduction above roughly 1200 citations.
Deep learning 7 Hallucinate or Memorize?A PREPRINT in citation recommendation models survey.Expert Systems with Applications, 162:113790, 2020
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Hierarchical Memorization in Large Language Models: Evidence from Citation Generation
LLMs memorize citations hierarchically: titles and first authors are recalled at lower redundancy levels than venues or years, with accuracy scaling log-linearly and saturating near verbatim reproduction above roughly 1200 citations.