A minimum purification time for evaporating black holes is derived as scaling with M0^4/hbar^{3/2}, becoming exponential in initial area under a metastability assumption for Planck-scale holes, implying white-hole remnants.
Thermodynamics of dynamical black holes beyond perturbation theory
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abstract
The close similarities of the three laws of black hole mechanics, discovered by Bardeen, Carter and Hawking, with the laws of thermodynamics led to the identification of a multiple of the area of the event horizon with entropy. However, developments over the past two decades have shown that this paradigm has some important limitations, especially because of the teleological nature of event horizons. After a brief review of these limitations, we will show that they can be overcome using quasi-local horizons. Specifically, the new first law applies to black holes in general relativity that can be \emph{arbitrarily far from equilibrium} and refers to \emph{finite} changes that occur due to \emph{physical processes} at the horizon. The second law is now a \emph{quantitative} statement that relates the change in the area of a dynamical horizon segment due to fluxes of energy falling into the black hole. Together, they lead one to identify black hole entropy with the area of marginally trapped surfaces in quasi-local horizons, generalizing recent {perturbative} findings that it should be identified not with the area of the event horizon but with the area of a marginally trapped surface inside it.
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Regular black hole models with de Sitter or anti-de Sitter cores are built in AdS spacetime; their Hawking-Page transition temperatures differ according to core type and AdS radius because the core alters the outer-horizon branch relative to the thermal-AdS background.
The entropy of a dynamical black hole equals the area of its apparent horizon at second order in perturbations when the null energy condition holds.
citing papers explorer
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Minimum lifetime of a black hole
A minimum purification time for evaporating black holes is derived as scaling with M0^4/hbar^{3/2}, becoming exponential in initial area under a metastability assumption for Planck-scale holes, implying white-hole remnants.
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Thermodynamics of polymerized vacuum regular black holes in anti-de Sitter spacetime
Regular black hole models with de Sitter or anti-de Sitter cores are built in AdS spacetime; their Hawking-Page transition temperatures differ according to core type and AdS radius because the core alters the outer-horizon branch relative to the thermal-AdS background.
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The entropy of black hole under second-order deviation from equilibrium
The entropy of a dynamical black hole equals the area of its apparent horizon at second order in perturbations when the null energy condition holds.