LLMs hallucinate citations at rates from 14.23% to 94.93%, with 1.07% of papers containing invalid citations and an 80.9% increase in 2025.
University of Chicago press
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AI lowers the cost of generating plausible scientific artifacts without lowering verification costs, so the paper proposes blueprints as typed graph components that decompose claims, evidence, and assumptions to enable cheaper downstream verification.
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GhostCite: A Large-Scale Analysis of Citation Validity in the Age of Large Language Models
LLMs hallucinate citations at rates from 14.23% to 94.93%, with 1.07% of papers containing invalid citations and an 80.9% increase in 2025.
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AI lowers the cost of generating plausible scientific artifacts without lowering verification costs, so the paper proposes blueprints as typed graph components that decompose claims, evidence, and assumptions to enable cheaper downstream verification.
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