Short gamma-ray burst prompt jets with Lorentz factors above roughly 400 to 500 can in principle accelerate and preserve r-process nuclei to 100 EeV, and the same survival requirement caps their high-energy neutrino output.
Isotropic Detectable X-ray Counterparts to Gravitational Waves from Neutron Star Binary Mergers
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abstract
Neutron star binary mergers are strong sources of gravitational waves (GWs). Promising electromagnetic counterparts are short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) but the emission is highly collimated. We propose that the scattering of the long-lasting plateau emission in short GRBs by the merger ejecta produces nearly isotropic emission for $\sim 10^4$ s with flux $10^{-13}-10^{-10}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ at 100 Mpc in X-ray. This is detectable by Swift XRT and wide field X-ray detectors such as ISS-Lobster, Einstein Probe, eROSITA and WF-MAXI, which are desired by the infrared and optical follow-ups to localize and measure the distance to the host galaxy. The scattered X-rays obtain linear polarization, which correlates with the jet direction, X-ray luminosity and GW polarizations. The activity of plateau emission is also a natural energy source of a macronova (or kilonova) detected in short GRB 130603B without the $r$-process radioactivity.
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Binary Neutron Star Mergers as Potential Sources for Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays and High-Energy Neutrinos
Short gamma-ray burst prompt jets with Lorentz factors above roughly 400 to 500 can in principle accelerate and preserve r-process nuclei to 100 EeV, and the same survival requirement caps their high-energy neutrino output.