Phase-space analysis of a quadratic dark energy model finds that negative η produces stable phantom attractors while the effective equation of state approaches -1 asymptotically from both sides without crossing.
Negative values ofηdrive the system toward stable phantom attractors (sinks), while positive values correspond to unstable repellers (sources) or saddle points in the phase space
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Quadratic Dark Energy Phase-Space Dynamics and Analysis
Phase-space analysis of a quadratic dark energy model finds that negative η produces stable phantom attractors while the effective equation of state approaches -1 asymptotically from both sides without crossing.