In 4D Maxwell theory, standard Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions render large gauge transformations and edge mode shifts as gauge redundancies, while modified conditions make them physical symmetries generated by topological surface operators, with new electromagnetic dual boundary conditions co
Scalar Asymptotic Charges and Dual Large Gauge Transformations
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abstract
In recent years soft factorization theorems in scattering amplitudes have been reinterpreted as conservation laws of asymptotic charges. In gauge, gravity, and higher spin theories the asymptotic charges can be understood as canonical generators of large gauge symmetries. Such a symmetry interpretation has been so far missing for scalar soft theorems. We remedy this situation by treating the massless scalar field in terms of a dual two-form gauge field. We show that the asymptotic charges associated to the scalar soft theorem can be understood as generators of large gauge transformations of the dual two-form field. The dual picture introduces two new puzzles: the charges have very unexpected Poisson brackets with the fields, and the monopole term does not always have a dual gauge transformation interpretation. We find analogs of these two properties in the Kramers-Wannier duality on a finite lattice, indicating that the free scalar theory has new edge modes at infinity that canonically commute with all the bulk degrees of freedom.
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Lecture notes that build the BMS group from prerequisites to applications in soft theorems, memory effects, and new material on asymptotic conformal Killing horizons.
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Lecture notes that build the BMS group from prerequisites to applications in soft theorems, memory effects, and new material on asymptotic conformal Killing horizons.