At order alpha'^3, the field redefinitions that reveal O(d,d) symmetry after dimensional reduction cannot be lifted to ten dimensions, contradicting manifestly T-duality-invariant formulations of string theory.
T-duality invariant effective actions at orders $ \alpha', \alpha'^2$
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abstract
We use compatibility of the $D$-dimensional effective actions for diagonal metric and for dilaton with the T-duality when theory is compactified on a circle, to find the the $D$-dimensional couplings of curvatures and dilaton as well as the higher derivative corrections to the $(D-1)$-dimensional Buscher rules at orders $ \alpha' $ and $\alpha'^2$. We observe that the T-duality constraint on the effective actions fixes the covariant effective actions at each order of $\alpha'$ up to field redefinitions and up to an overall factor. Inspired by these results, we speculate that the $D$-dimensional effective actions at any order of $\alpha'$ must be consistent with the standard Buscher rules provided that one uses covariant field redefinitions in the corresponding reduced $(D-1)$-dimensional effective actions. This constraint may be used to find effective actions at all higher orders of $\alpha'$.
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No manifest T-duality at order $\alpha'^3$
At order alpha'^3, the field redefinitions that reveal O(d,d) symmetry after dimensional reduction cannot be lifted to ten dimensions, contradicting manifestly T-duality-invariant formulations of string theory.