A boundary region's infinite-N operator algebra is a von Neumann algebra exactly when its generalized causal wedge closes on the same region; null geodesic focusing is the bulk mechanism.
A New Area Law in General Relativity
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We report a new area law in General Relativity. A future holographic screen is a hypersurface foliated by marginally trapped surfaces. We show that their area increases monotonically along the foliation. Future holographic screens can easily be found in collapsing stars and near a big crunch. Past holographic screens exist in any expanding universe and obey a similar theorem, yielding the first rigorous area law in big bang cosmology. Unlike event horizons, these objects can be identified at finite time and without reference to an asymptotic boundary. The Bousso bound is not used, but it naturally suggests a thermodynamic interpretation of our result.
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The Making of von Neumann Algebras from Bulk Focusing
A boundary region's infinite-N operator algebra is a von Neumann algebra exactly when its generalized causal wedge closes on the same region; null geodesic focusing is the bulk mechanism.