In an NJL model, the electromagnetic scale anomaly creates a thermal potential barrier proportional to |eB|^3 |P|/(P^2 + m0^2), making the theta = pi CP transition first order.
CP violation and chiral symmetry restoration in the hot linear sigma model in a strong magnetic background
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We study the effects of CP violation on the nature of the chiral transition within the linear sigma model with two flavors of quarks. The finite-temperature effective potential containing contributions from nontrivial values for the parameter $\theta$ is computed to one loop order and their minima structure is analyzed. Motivated by the possibility of observing the formation of CP-odd domains in high-energy heavy ion collisions, we also investigate the behavior of the effective potential in the presence of a strong magnetic background. We find that the nature of the chiral transition is influenced by both $\theta$ and the magnetic field.
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First-order CP phase transition in two-flavor QCD at $\theta = \pi$ under electromagnetic scale anomaly via a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio description
In an NJL model, the electromagnetic scale anomaly creates a thermal potential barrier proportional to |eB|^3 |P|/(P^2 + m0^2), making the theta = pi CP transition first order.