In Fermi-energy heavy-ion collisions, most hard photons are produced in the first nucleon-nucleon collisions while the nuclei still move collectively, not in the later thermalized matter.
Thermal and transport properties in central heavy-ion reactions around a few hundred MeV/nucleon
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abstract
Thermalization process of nuclear matter in central fireball region of heavy-ion collisions is investigated by employing an extension model of Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck, namely the Van der Waals Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (VdWBUU) model. Temperature ($T$) is extracted by the quantum Fermion fluctuation approach and other thermodynamic quantities, such as density ($\rho$), entropy density ($s$), shear viscosity ($\eta$), isospin diffusivity ($D_{I}$) and heat conductivity ($\kappa$), are also deduced. The liquid-like and gas-like phase signs are discussed through the behavior of shear viscosity during heavy-ion collisions process with the VdWBUU model.
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Photon Emission from Nucleon-Nucleon Bremsstrahlung in Fermi-energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
In Fermi-energy heavy-ion collisions, most hard photons are produced in the first nucleon-nucleon collisions while the nuclei still move collectively, not in the later thermalized matter.