Defines Clifford ergotropy with universal upper bounds that decrease with magic (via infinite-order filtered stabilizer Rényi entropy), shows results for 1-2 qubit systems including a control landscape transition, and derives a Clifford-restricted second law for typical many-body states.
The second law of thermodynamics for pure quantum states
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abstract
A version of the second law of thermodynamics states that one cannot lower the energy of an isolated system by a cyclic operation. We prove this law without introducing statistical ensembles and by resorting only to quantum mechanics. We choose the initial state as a pure quantum state whose energy is almost E_0 but not too sharply concentrated at energy eigenvalues. Then after an arbitrary unitary time evolution which follows a typical "waiting time", the probability of observing the energy lower than E_0 is proved to be negligibly small.
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Clifford Ergotropy
Defines Clifford ergotropy with universal upper bounds that decrease with magic (via infinite-order filtered stabilizer Rényi entropy), shows results for 1-2 qubit systems including a control landscape transition, and derives a Clifford-restricted second law for typical many-body states.