Leading coefficients of the thermal effective action for the large-N critical O(N) vector model in 3D with twist are computed via twisted partition function on S2 and path-integral methods, yielding consistent results.
Modular forms and a generalized Cardy formula in higher dimensions
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abstract
We derive a formula which applies to conformal field theories on a spatial torus and gives the asymptotic density of states solely in terms of the vacuum energy on a parallel plate geometry. The formula follows immediately from global scale and Lorentz invariance, but to our knowledge has not previously been made explicit. It can also be understood from the fact that $\log Z$ on $\mathbb{T}^2\times \mathbb{R}^{d-1}$ transforms as the absolute value of a non-holomorphic modular form of weight $d-1$, which we show. The results are extended to theories which violate Lorentz invariance and hyperscaling but maintain a scaling symmetry. The formula is checked for the cases of a free scalar, free Maxwell gauge field, and free $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills. The case of a Maxwell gauge field gives Casimir's original calculation of the electromagnetic force between parallel plates in terms of the entropy of a photon gas.
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Thermal effective action for the $O(N)$ vector model
Leading coefficients of the thermal effective action for the large-N critical O(N) vector model in 3D with twist are computed via twisted partition function on S2 and path-integral methods, yielding consistent results.