Lattice effective-theory simulations give new SU(2)/SU(3) sphaleron rates for T = 0.6 GeV-10^15 GeV and show the soft magnetic sector contributes roughly half the thermal axion production rate at the electroweak scale and dominates below it.
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Revisiting the sphaleron and axion production rates in QCD at high temperatures
Lattice effective-theory simulations give new SU(2)/SU(3) sphaleron rates for T = 0.6 GeV-10^15 GeV and show the soft magnetic sector contributes roughly half the thermal axion production rate at the electroweak scale and dominates below it.