Gaia quasar proper motions show a significant quadrupole signal matching an axisymmetric Bianchi I anisotropy model, but the amplitude does not increase with redshift as the model requires and the inferred local shear exceeds expectations.
The universe seen at different scales
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A large-scale smoothed-out model of the universe ignores small-scale inhomogeneities, but the averaged effects of those inhomogeneities may alter both observational and dynamical relations at the larger scale. This article discusses these effects, and comments briefly on the relation to gravitational entropy.
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Mapping the Universe as a Bianchi I cosmology with Gaia data
Gaia quasar proper motions show a significant quadrupole signal matching an axisymmetric Bianchi I anisotropy model, but the amplitude does not increase with redshift as the model requires and the inferred local shear exceeds expectations.