Every immersed 2-sphere with Willmore energy at most 12π admits an energy-nonincreasing regular homotopy to a round sphere or to a surface in the explicit family J, giving exactly four regular homotopy classes below 12π.
Closed mean curvature flows with asymptotically conical singularities
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In this paper, we prove that for any asymptotically conical self-shrinker, there exists an embedded closed hypersurface such that the mean curvature flow starting from it develops a singularity modeled on the given shrinker. The main technique is the Wa\.zewski box argument, used by Stolarski in the proof of the corresponding theorem in the Ricci flow case. As a corollary, our construction, combined with the works of Angenent--Ilmanen--Vel\'azquez and Chodosh--Daniels-Holgate--Schulze, implies the existence of fattening level set flows starting from smooth embedded closed hypersurfaces. These provide examples related to a question asked by Evans--Spruck.
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2025 1verdicts
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The Willmore Energy Landscape of Spheres and Avoidable Singularities of the Willmore Flow
Every immersed 2-sphere with Willmore energy at most 12π admits an energy-nonincreasing regular homotopy to a round sphere or to a surface in the explicit family J, giving exactly four regular homotopy classes below 12π.