Gradient-boosted models with SHAP analysis find word familiarity as the dominant predictor of English vocabulary difficulty across Spanish, German, and Chinese L1 learners, with orthographic transfer adding value only for the first two groups.
Title resolution pending
1 Pith paper cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
1
Pith paper citing it
fields
cs.CL 1years
2026 1verdicts
UNVERDICTED 1representative citing papers
citing papers explorer
-
What makes a word hard to learn? Modeling L1 influence on English vocabulary difficulty
Gradient-boosted models with SHAP analysis find word familiarity as the dominant predictor of English vocabulary difficulty across Spanish, German, and Chinese L1 learners, with orthographic transfer adding value only for the first two groups.