In 4D Maxwell theory, standard Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions render large gauge transformations and edge mode shifts as gauge redundancies, while modified conditions make them physical symmetries generated by topological surface operators, with new electromagnetic dual boundary conditions co
Soft Charges and Electric-Magnetic Duality
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The main focus of this work is to study magnetic soft charges of the four dimensional Maxwell theory. Imposing appropriate asymptotic falloff conditions, we compute the electric and magnetic soft charges and their algebra both at spatial and at null infinity. While the commutator of two electric or two magnetic soft charges vanish, the electric and magnetic soft charges satisfy a complex $U(1)$ current algebra. This current algebra through Sugawara construction yields two $U(1)$ Kac-Moody algebras. We repeat the charge analysis in the electric-magnetic duality-symmetric Maxwell theory and construct the duality-symmetric phase space where the electric and magnetic soft charges generate the respective boundary gauge transformations. We show that the generator of the electric-magnetic duality and the electric and magnetic soft charges form infinite copies of $iso(2)$ algebra. Moreover, we study the algebra of charges associated with the global Poincar\'e symmetry of the background Minkowski spacetime and the soft charges. We discuss physical meaning and implication of our charges and their algebra.
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Restricting one helicity to the wedge sector and introducing shadow charges yields closed mixed-helicity algebras for all spins in gravity and gauge theory, plus dual mass BMS extensions and non-vanishing electromagnetic central charges.
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Revisiting boundary electromagnetic duality and edge modes
In 4D Maxwell theory, standard Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions render large gauge transformations and edge mode shifts as gauge redundancies, while modified conditions make them physical symmetries generated by topological surface operators, with new electromagnetic dual boundary conditions co
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Mixed-helicity bracket of celestial symmetries
Restricting one helicity to the wedge sector and introducing shadow charges yields closed mixed-helicity algebras for all spins in gravity and gauge theory, plus dual mass BMS extensions and non-vanishing electromagnetic central charges.