Coherent-state dressings by zero-energy gravitons are equivalent to BMS supertranslations, and the associated conserved charge produces a universal, all-orders shift of the scattering impact parameter.
Soft Photon Hair on Schwarzschild Horizon from a Wilson Line Perspective
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We develop a unified framework for the construction of soft dressings at boundaries of spacetime, such as the null infinity of Minkowski spacetime and the horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. The construction is based on an old proposal of Mandelstam for quantizing QED and considers matter fields dressed by Wilson lines. Along time-like paths, the Wilson lines puncturing the boundary are the analogs of flat space Faddeev-Kulish dressings. We focus on the Schwarzschild black hole where our framework provides a quantum-field-theoretical perspective of the Hawking-Perry-Strominger viewpoint that black holes carry soft hair, through a study of the Wilson line dressings, localized on the horizon.
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Supertranslations are Soft Dressings
Coherent-state dressings by zero-energy gravitons are equivalent to BMS supertranslations, and the associated conserved charge produces a universal, all-orders shift of the scattering impact parameter.