Exact hard-sphere moments of the nonlinear collision integral for anisotropic distributions show the relaxation-time approximation relaxes roughly twice as fast as true binary collisions, and a two-moment closure resolves the hierarchy-closure ambiguity.
Highly-anisotropic and strongly-dissipative hydrodynamics with transverse expansion
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abstract
A recently formulated framework of highly-anisotropic and strongly-dissipative hydrodynamics (ADHYDRO) is used to describe the evolution of matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. New developments of the model contain: the inclusion of asymmetric transverse expansion (combined with the longitudinal boost-invariant flow) and comparisons of the model results with the RHIC data, which have become possible after coupling of ADHYDRO with THERMINATOR. Various soft-hadronic observables (the transverse-momentum spectra, the elliptic flow coefficient v_2, and the HBT radii) are calculated for different initial conditions characterized by the value of the initial pressure asymmetry. We find that as long as the initial energy density profile is unchanged the calculated observables remain practically the same. This result indicates the insensitivity of the analyzed observables to the initial anisotropy of pressure and suggests that the complete thermalization of the system may be delayed to easily acceptable times of about 1 fm/c.
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Exact solutions for the moments of the binary collision integral and its relation to the relaxation-time approximation in leading-order anisotropic fluid dynamics
Exact hard-sphere moments of the nonlinear collision integral for anisotropic distributions show the relaxation-time approximation relaxes roughly twice as fast as true binary collisions, and a two-moment closure resolves the hierarchy-closure ambiguity.