A unified 1PM formula gives the gravitational time delay of relativistic massive and massless particles by a radially moving Schwarzschild lens, matching known light and static limits.
Analytical Derivation of Second-Order Deflection in Equatorial Plane of a Radially Moving Kerr-Newman Black Hole
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abstract
In this work, we base on the second-order post-Minkowskian equations of motion, and apply an iterative technique to analytically derive the gravitational deflection of the relativistic particles in the equatorial plane of Kerr-Newman black hole with a radial (or longitudinal) and constant velocity. We find that the kinematically correctional effects on the second-order contributions to the deflection can be expressed into a very compact form, which are valid for both the massive particle and photon. Our result reduces to the previous formulation for the first-order deflection caused by a moving Schwarzschild black hole when the second-order contributions are dropped.
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Leading-order gravitational time delay of massive particles by a moving Schwarzschild lens
A unified 1PM formula gives the gravitational time delay of relativistic massive and massless particles by a radially moving Schwarzschild lens, matching known light and static limits.