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$3x+1$ inverse orbit generating functions almost always have natural boundaries

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abstract

The $3x+k$ function $T_{k}(n)$ sends $n$ to $(3n+k)/2$ resp. $n/2,$ according as $n$ is odd, resp. even, where $k \equiv \pm 1~(\bmod \, 6)$. The map $T_k(\cdot)$ sends integers to integers, and for $m \ge 1$ let $n \rightarrow m$ mean that $m$ is in the forward orbit of $n$ under iteration of $T_k(\cdot).$ We consider the generating functions $f_{k,m}(z) = \sum_{n>0, n \rightarrow m} z^{n},$ which are holomorphic in the unit disk. We give sufficient conditions on $(k,m)$ for the functions $f_{k, m}(z)$ have the unit circle $\{|z|=1\}$ as a natural boundary to analytic continuation. For the $3x+1$ function these conditions hold for all $m \ge 1$ to show that $f_{1,m}(z)$ has the unit circle as a natural boundary except possibly for $m= 1, 2, 4$ and $8$. The $3x+1$ Conjecture is equivalent to the assertion that $f_{1, m}(z)$ is a rational function of $z$ for the remaining values $m=1,2, 4, 8$.

fields

math.GM 1

years

2024 1

verdicts

CONDITIONAL 1

representative citing papers

$\left(p,q\right)$-adic Analysis and the Collatz Conjecture

math.GM · 2024-12-03 · conditional · novelty 6.0

For a wide class of Collatz-type maps, the paper characterizes nonzero periodic points as integer values of a (p,q)-adic interpolation function and recasts the periodic-point question as a translate-density question, under hypotheses the Collatz map satisfies.

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  • $\left(p,q\right)$-adic Analysis and the Collatz Conjecture math.GM · 2024-12-03 · conditional · none · ref 19 · internal anchor

    For a wide class of Collatz-type maps, the paper characterizes nonzero periodic points as integer values of a (p,q)-adic interpolation function and recasts the periodic-point question as a translate-density question, under hypotheses the Collatz map satisfies.