Oblique-angle deposition of Ta or W underlayers induces uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in CoFeB/Pt stacks, enabling deterministic field-free spin-orbit torque switching at current densities down to 2e11 A/m2.
This can be achieved either by depositing the FM layer at oblique incidence or by growing it on an underlayer deposited at an oblique angle[36]
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Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy and Type-X/Y Current-Induced Magnetization Switching in Oblique-Angle-Deposited Ta/CoFeB/Pt and W/CoFeB/Pt Heterostructures
Oblique-angle deposition of Ta or W underlayers induces uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in CoFeB/Pt stacks, enabling deterministic field-free spin-orbit torque switching at current densities down to 2e11 A/m2.