A single-copy homodyne protocol estimates unbiased U-statistics for partial-transpose moments p2 and p3 to detect bipartite CV entanglement, with sample complexity O((N+1)^{14/3}/ε²) and demonstrations on six state families.
Estimating the Entanglement Negativity from low-order moments of the partially transposed density matrix
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abstract
We show how to find families of infima and suprema for the entanglement negativity using only a few, low-order moments of the partially transposed density matrix $\rho^{T_2}.$ These moments can be measured using the multi-copy quantum circuits previously given by the author, which define a set of multi-copy expectation values and thus can be used with the replica trick. As such, these bounds are suitable for use with Quantum Monte Carlo methods, and the lower order versions of the estimates may be experimentally accessible for some systems. Using more moments for higher-order versions of these methods will produce tighter estimates, unless and until statistical noise causes the measurement of the highest order moment to fail. Should this happen, the data from lower order moments can still be used for lower-order estimates.
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2026 2verdicts
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CBNE enables estimation of nonlinear quantum properties such as higher-order expectations from a single randomized measurement setting under sufficient system dimension or ancillary qubits.
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Detecting entanglement of non-Gaussian continuous-variable states from single-copy homodyne measurements
A single-copy homodyne protocol estimates unbiased U-statistics for partial-transpose moments p2 and p3 to detect bipartite CV entanglement, with sample complexity O((N+1)^{14/3}/ε²) and demonstrations on six state families.
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Quantum Nonlinear Properties from a Single Measurement Setting
CBNE enables estimation of nonlinear quantum properties such as higher-order expectations from a single randomized measurement setting under sufficient system dimension or ancillary qubits.