Ultraheavy nuclei have longer energy loss lengths at ≲300 EeV than lighter nuclei, allowing them to explain UHECRs above 100 EeV from sources like collapsars and neutron star mergers while predicting distinct shower maxima.
Alves Batista et al
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If Little Red Dots accelerate protons to ~10 EeV, their interactions with the high-redshift CMB produce a ~50 PeV cosmogenic neutrino bump consistent with IceCube.
A proton spectrum with index -3.1 interacting with 0.3 keV X-rays via the Delta resonance reproduces the observed 30 TeV neutrino break and limits the accompanying gamma-ray cascade contribution to ~10% of the isotropic background at 3 GeV.
PUEO will constrain the proton fraction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays under strong source evolution and set leading neutrino constraints on ultraheavy dark matter decays and some cosmic string models above 10^19 eV.
Simulations show that drift dominance over diffusion can create a knee at PeV energies if parallel diffusion becomes energy-independent above 1 TeV, though some setups fail to match observed grammage.
Minimal UHECR flux models from the Telescope Array predict cosmogenic neutrino fluxes consistent with the KM3-230213A event at the 2σ level.
citing papers explorer
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Ultraheavy Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays
Ultraheavy nuclei have longer energy loss lengths at ≲300 EeV than lighter nuclei, allowing them to explain UHECRs above 100 EeV from sources like collapsars and neutron star mergers while predicting distinct shower maxima.
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Ultrahigh-energy cosmogenic neutrino emissions in the high-redshift universe
If Little Red Dots accelerate protons to ~10 EeV, their interactions with the high-redshift CMB produce a ~50 PeV cosmogenic neutrino bump consistent with IceCube.
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The Delta Resonance in the Neutrino Sky
A proton spectrum with index -3.1 interacting with 0.3 keV X-rays via the Delta resonance reproduces the observed 30 TeV neutrino break and limits the accompanying gamma-ray cascade contribution to ~10% of the isotropic background at 3 GeV.
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The Sensitivity of PUEO to Cosmogenic Neutrinos and Exotic Physics Scenarios
PUEO will constrain the proton fraction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays under strong source evolution and set leading neutrino constraints on ultraheavy dark matter decays and some cosmic string models above 10^19 eV.
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Transition from Diffusion to Drift-Dominated Cosmic Ray Transport and the Origin of the Knee
Simulations show that drift dominance over diffusion can create a knee at PeV energies if parallel diffusion becomes energy-independent above 1 TeV, though some setups fail to match observed grammage.
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Ultra-high energy event KM3-230213A as a cosmogenic neutrino in light of minimal UHECR flux models
Minimal UHECR flux models from the Telescope Array predict cosmogenic neutrino fluxes consistent with the KM3-230213A event at the 2σ level.