In dRGT massive gravity, static spherically symmetric black holes exhibit zero, one, or two photon spheres whose topological charges and stability patterns differ from Einstein gravity and from horizonless compact objects.
Supersymmetric rotating black hole spacetime tested by geodesics
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abstract
We present the complete analytical solution of the geodesics equations in the supersymmetric BMPV spacetime \cite{Breckenridge:1996is}. We study systematically the properties of massive and massless test particle motion. We analyze the trajectories with analytical methods based on the theory of elliptic functions. Since the nature of the effective potential depends strongly on the rotation parameter $\omega$, one has to distinguish between the underrotating case, the critical case and the overrotating case, as discussed by Gibbons and Herdeiro in their pioneering study \cite{Gibbons:1999uv}. We discuss various properties which distinguish this spacetime from the classical relativistic spacetimes like Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstr\"om, Kerr or Myers-Perry. The overrotating BMPV spacetime allows, for instance, for planetary bound orbits for massive and massless particles. We also address causality violation as analyzed in \cite{Gibbons:1999uv}.
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Topological charge and black hole photon spheres in massive gravity
In dRGT massive gravity, static spherically symmetric black holes exhibit zero, one, or two photon spheres whose topological charges and stability patterns differ from Einstein gravity and from horizonless compact objects.