For a U(1)-charged scalar, the Euclidean bounce for vacuum decay loses O(4) symmetry at finite charge, lowers the barrier and increases the rate, while charge rearrangement imposes a subluminal terminal velocity on the expanding bubble.
Particle decay in false vacuum
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abstract
We revisit the problem of decay of a metastable vacuum induced by the presence of a particle. For the bosons of the `master field' the problem is solved in any number of dimensions in terms of the spontaneous decay rate of the false vacuum, while for a fermion we find a closed expression for the decay rate in (1+1) dimensions. It is shown that in the (1+1) dimensional case an infrared problem of one-loop correction to the decay rate of a boson is resolved due to a cancellation between soft modes of the field. We also find the boson decay rate in the `sine-Gordon staircase' model in the limits of strong and weak coupling.
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Globally Charged Vacuum Decay
For a U(1)-charged scalar, the Euclidean bounce for vacuum decay loses O(4) symmetry at finite charge, lowers the barrier and increases the rate, while charge rearrangement imposes a subluminal terminal velocity on the expanding bubble.