In the NJL model with exact phase-space diagonalization, magnetic catalysis of the chiral condensate quenches the tachyonic instability of the spin-aligned rho+ by driving the 2M threshold above the Zeeman-lowered mass, preventing condensation.
Spontaneous electromagnetic superconductivity of vacuum in strong magnetic field: evidence from the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
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abstract
Using an extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model as a low--energy effective model of QCD, we show that the vacuum in a strong external magnetic field (stronger than 10^{16} Tesla) experiences a spontaneous phase transition to an electromagnetically superconducting state. The unexpected superconductivity of, basically, empty space is induced by emergence of quark-antiquark vector condensates with quantum numbers of electrically charged rho mesons. The superconducting phase possesses an anisotropic inhomogeneous structure similar to a periodic Abrikosov lattice in a type-II superconductor. The superconducting vacuum is made of a new type of vortices which are topological defects in the charged vector condensates. The superconductivity is realized along the axis of the magnetic field only. We argue that this effect is absent in pure QED.
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In the NJL model, increasing isospin chemical potential favors pion superfluidity at small magnetic fields and rho superconductivity at large magnetic fields.
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Mass spectra of charged mesons and the quenching of vector meson condensation via exact phase-space diagonalization
In the NJL model with exact phase-space diagonalization, magnetic catalysis of the chiral condensate quenches the tachyonic instability of the spin-aligned rho+ by driving the 2M threshold above the Zeeman-lowered mass, preventing condensation.
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QCD phase transition at finite isospin density and magnetic field
In the NJL model, increasing isospin chemical potential favors pion superfluidity at small magnetic fields and rho superconductivity at large magnetic fields.