A broad model-data comparison shows that PYTHIA, AMPT, HIJING, and SMASH all fail to reproduce PHENIX transverse energy and multiplicity at low beam energies and in peripheral collisions.
Impact of nuclear deformation on collective flow observables in relativistic U+U collisions
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abstract
A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model is used to investigate the efficacy of several flow observables to constrain the initial-state deformation of the Uranium nuclei in U$+$U collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{\textit{s}_{NN}}$ = 193 GeV. The multiparticle azimuthal cumulant method is used to investigate the sensitivity of (I) a set of quantities that are sensitive to both initial- and final-state effects as well as (II) a set of dimensionless quantities that are more sensitive to initial-state effects to the Uranium nuclei quadrupole shape deformation. We find that the combined use of the flow harmonics, flow fluctuations and correlations, linear and non-linear flow correlations to the quadrangular flow harmonic, and the correlations between elliptic flow and the mean-transverse momentum could serve to constrain the nuclear deformation of the Uranium nuclei. Therefore, a comprehensive set of measurements of such observables can provide a quantifying tool for the quadrupole shape deformation via data-model comparisons.
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Model Comparisons of Transverse Energy and Charged-Particle Multiplicity in A+A Collisions at Midrapidity from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ $=$ 7.7 to 200~GeV
A broad model-data comparison shows that PYTHIA, AMPT, HIJING, and SMASH all fail to reproduce PHENIX transverse energy and multiplicity at low beam energies and in peripheral collisions.