Relative entropy of vacuum vs coherent state for λφ⁴ in the Rindler wedge equals the classical interacting boost charge to O(λ) and obeys the Bekenstein bound.
ob, Markus B. and P\'erez-Nadal, Guillem , title =
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abstract
We determine explicitly the modular flow and the modular Hamiltonian for massless free fermions in diamonds on a cylinder in 1+1 dimensions. We consider both periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions, the ground state in the antiperiodic case and the most general family of quasi-free zero-energy ground states in the periodic case, which depend on four parameters and are generally mixed. While for the antiperiodic ground state and one periodic ground state (the maximally mixed zero-temperature state) the modular data is known, our results for the generic ground state in the periodic case are completely new. We find that generically both the modular flow and the modular Hamiltonian are non-local, and we show that in the parametric limit where the state becomes pure the modular data becomes local. Moreover, even in the local case the modular flow generically mixes the two chiralities. This kind of behavior has not been observed previously.
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2026 2representative citing papers
A position-space discretization on a cylinder approximates the modular operator for one and two double cones in the 1+1D massive Majorana field, showing nontrivial mass dependence and reduced bilocal terms at higher masses.
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Relative entropy for $\lambda \phi^4$ in the Rindler wedge
Relative entropy of vacuum vs coherent state for λφ⁴ in the Rindler wedge equals the classical interacting boost charge to O(λ) and obeys the Bekenstein bound.
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Numerical approach to the modular operator for fermionic systems
A position-space discretization on a cylinder approximates the modular operator for one and two double cones in the 1+1D massive Majorana field, showing nontrivial mass dependence and reduced bilocal terms at higher masses.