Using LSTM forecasts as a no-pandemic baseline, the study reports that many U.S. industries showed actual bullwhip amplification during 2020-2023 that the forecasts did not predict.
3.2.3 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) RNN, is an artificial neural network that recognizes patterns in data sequences
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Impact of COVID-19 on The Bullwhip Effect Across U.S. Industries
Using LSTM forecasts as a no-pandemic baseline, the study reports that many U.S. industries showed actual bullwhip amplification during 2020-2023 that the forecasts did not predict.