Counterfactual prompting effects on LLMs are often indistinguishable from those caused by meaning-preserving paraphrases, causing most previously reported demographic sensitivities to disappear under proper statistical comparison.
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RLVR drives a concept network in LLMs through nucleation and freezing into inverse trees that support slow thinking, and intervening with brief SFT at peak frustration outperforms standard RLVR while post-freeze SFT causes forgetting.
LLM reasoning is primarily mediated by latent-state trajectories rather than by explicit surface chain-of-thought outputs.
citing papers explorer
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Compared to What? Baselines and Metrics for Counterfactual Prompting
Counterfactual prompting effects on LLMs are often indistinguishable from those caused by meaning-preserving paraphrases, causing most previously reported demographic sensitivities to disappear under proper statistical comparison.
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Emergent Slow Thinking in LLMs as Inverse Tree Freezing
RLVR drives a concept network in LLMs through nucleation and freezing into inverse trees that support slow thinking, and intervening with brief SFT at peak frustration outperforms standard RLVR while post-freeze SFT causes forgetting.
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LLM Reasoning Is Latent, Not the Chain of Thought
LLM reasoning is primarily mediated by latent-state trajectories rather than by explicit surface chain-of-thought outputs.