A strategy built on continuation values computed from a finite tournament model beats a strategy built on analytic ICM by $214.33 per hand in matched comparisons, and the gap persists under rollout, alternative evaluators, and opponent changes.
Heads-up limit hold’em poker is solved.Science, 347(6218):145–149, 2015
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ICM Out! Better Tournament Strategy from Computed Continuations, vs. Solvers and LLMs
A strategy built on continuation values computed from a finite tournament model beats a strategy built on analytic ICM by $214.33 per hand in matched comparisons, and the gap persists under rollout, alternative evaluators, and opponent changes.