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The Complexity of the Local Hamiltonian Problem

4 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

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abstract

The k-local Hamiltonian problem is a natural complete problem for the complexity class QMA, the quantum analog of NP. It is similar in spirit to MAX-k-SAT, which is NP-complete for k<=2. It was known that the problem is QMA-complete for any k <= 3. On the other hand 1-local Hamiltonian is in P, and hence not believed to be QMA-complete. The complexity of the 2-local Hamiltonian problem has long been outstanding. Here we settle the question and show that it is QMA-complete. We provide two independent proofs; our first proof uses only elementary linear algebra. Our second proof uses a powerful technique for analyzing the sum of two Hamiltonians; this technique is based on perturbation theory and we believe that it might prove useful elsewhere. Using our techniques we also show that adiabatic computation with two-local interactions on qubits is equivalent to standard quantum computation.

fields

quant-ph 4

years

2026 2 2025 2

verdicts

UNVERDICTED 4

representative citing papers

The Guided Local Hamiltonian Problem for Stoquastic Hamiltonians

quant-ph · 2025-09-30 · unverdicted · novelty 8.0

The Guided Local Hamiltonian problem for stoquastic Hamiltonians is promise BPP-hard (even 2-local on lattices), BQP-hard under fixed local constraints, and admits a deterministic classical approximation algorithm when promise gap, overlap, and spectral gap are constant with constant-depth local-pre

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