Ground-state charmonia are not simple S- or P-wave states; their distribution amplitudes are nontrivial, with the χ_c0 DA showing balanced positive and negative support due to QCD symmetries, and both states carry a glue momentum fraction 10% below that of the pion.
Nakanishi, A General survey of the theory of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, Prog
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Distribution amplitudes and functions of ground-state scalar and pseudoscalar charmonia
Ground-state charmonia are not simple S- or P-wave states; their distribution amplitudes are nontrivial, with the χ_c0 DA showing balanced positive and negative support due to QCD symmetries, and both states carry a glue momentum fraction 10% below that of the pion.