Out-of-equilibrium inverse temperature is defined as the coordinate of a canonical flow that preserves the state's energy-coherence leaf, and it generically differs from the entropy derivative.
Temper- ature in nonequilibrium quantum systems
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abstract
We extend on ideas from standard thermodynamics to show that temperature can be assigned to a general nonequilibrium quantum system. By choosing a physically motivated complete set of observables and expanding the system state thereupon, one can read a set of relevant, independent thermodynamic variables which include internal energy. This expansion allows us to read a nonequilibrium temperature as the partial derivative of the von Neumann entropy with respect to internal energy. We show that this definition of temperature is one of a set of thermodynamics parameters unambiguously describing the system state. It has appealing features such as positivity for passive states and consistency with the standard temperature for thermal states. By attributing temperature to correlations in a bipartite system, we obtain a universal relation which connects the temperatures of subsystems, total system as a whole, and correlation. All these temperatures can be different even when the composite system is in a well-defined Gibbsian thermal state.
fields
quant-ph 3years
2026 3representative citing papers
The paper introduces a corrected dynamical temperature for adaptive direct readout in nonequilibrium quantum thermometry that outperforms effective temperatures and improves with coherence.
Introduces a universal thermometer model defining a unique contact temperature β_op for any finite-dimensional quantum state as the inverse temperature where heat exchange with the system vanishes.
citing papers explorer
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Temperature Beyond Equilibrium in Isolated Quantum Many-Body Systems and Their Subsystems
Out-of-equilibrium inverse temperature is defined as the coordinate of a canonical flow that preserves the state's energy-coherence leaf, and it generically differs from the entropy derivative.
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Direct temperature readout in nonequilibrium quantum thermometry
The paper introduces a corrected dynamical temperature for adaptive direct readout in nonequilibrium quantum thermometry that outperforms effective temperatures and improves with coherence.
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The contact temperature of arbitrary quantum states
Introduces a universal thermometer model defining a unique contact temperature β_op for any finite-dimensional quantum state as the inverse temperature where heat exchange with the system vanishes.