EquiMem calibrates shared memory in multi-agent debate by computing a game-theoretic equilibrium from agent queries and paths, outperforming heuristics and LLM validators across benchmarks while remaining robust to adversarial agents.
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Swe-debate: Competitive multi-agent debate for software issue resolution
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Refute-or-Promote applies adversarial multi-agent review with kill gates and empirical verification to filter LLM defect candidates, killing 79-83% before disclosure and yielding 4 CVEs plus multiple accepted fixes across libraries, C++ standard, and compilers.
DAIRA integrates dynamic tracing into LLM agents to achieve 79.4% resolution rate on SWE-bench Verified for code defect repair.
Multimodal LLMs process code as images to achieve up to 8x token compression, with visual cues like syntax highlighting aiding tasks and clone detection remaining resilient or even improving under compression.
InlineCoder reframes repository-level code generation as function-level coding by using a draft anchor to inline the target function into its call graph for upstream usage and downstream dependency context.
SWE-QA creates a new repository-level code QA benchmark with 576 pairs and an agentic LLM framework, showing promise but open challenges for models handling complex codebases.
Agora-Opt uses decentralized debate among LLM agent teams plus a read-write memory bank to produce more accurate optimization models from text than prior LLM methods.
GALA uses hierarchical graph alignment between UI screenshots and code structures to achieve state-of-the-art bug localization in multimodal automated program repair on SWE-bench.
Agent-CoEvo is a multi-agent LLM framework that coevolves code patches and test patches to resolve repository-level issues, outperforming fixed-test baselines on SWE-bench Lite and SWT-bench Lite.
GlimpRouter uses the entropy of the first token in each reasoning step to decide whether to invoke a large model, yielding 10.7% higher accuracy and 25.9% lower latency than a standalone large model on AIME25.
A survey that organizes existing work on LLM-based agents around code as the central harness, structured in three layers of interfaces, mechanisms, and multi-agent scaling, with applications across domains and listed open challenges.
citing papers explorer
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EquiMem: Calibrating Shared Memory in Multi-Agent Debate via Game-Theoretic Equilibrium
EquiMem calibrates shared memory in multi-agent debate by computing a game-theoretic equilibrium from agent queries and paths, outperforming heuristics and LLM validators across benchmarks while remaining robust to adversarial agents.
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Refute-or-Promote: An Adversarial Stage-Gated Multi-Agent Review Methodology for High-Precision LLM-Assisted Defect Discovery
Refute-or-Promote applies adversarial multi-agent review with kill gates and empirical verification to filter LLM defect candidates, killing 79-83% before disclosure and yielding 4 CVEs plus multiple accepted fixes across libraries, C++ standard, and compilers.
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Dynamic analysis enhances issue resolution
DAIRA integrates dynamic tracing into LLM agents to achieve 79.4% resolution rate on SWE-bench Verified for code defect repair.
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CodeOCR: On the Effectiveness of Vision Language Models in Code Understanding
Multimodal LLMs process code as images to achieve up to 8x token compression, with visual cues like syntax highlighting aiding tasks and clone detection remaining resilient or even improving under compression.
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In Line with Context: Repository-Level Code Generation via Context Inlining
InlineCoder reframes repository-level code generation as function-level coding by using a draft anchor to inline the target function into its call graph for upstream usage and downstream dependency context.
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SWE-QA: Can Language Models Answer Repository-level Code Questions?
SWE-QA creates a new repository-level code QA benchmark with 576 pairs and an agentic LLM framework, showing promise but open challenges for models handling complex codebases.
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From Soliloquy to Agora: Memory-Enhanced LLM Agents with Decentralized Debate for Optimization Modeling
Agora-Opt uses decentralized debate among LLM agent teams plus a read-write memory bank to produce more accurate optimization models from text than prior LLM methods.
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GALA: Multimodal Graph Alignment for Bug Localization in Automated Program Repair
GALA uses hierarchical graph alignment between UI screenshots and code structures to achieve state-of-the-art bug localization in multimodal automated program repair on SWE-bench.
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Beyond Fixed Tests: Repository-Level Issue Resolution as Coevolution of Code and Behavioral Constraints
Agent-CoEvo is a multi-agent LLM framework that coevolves code patches and test patches to resolve repository-level issues, outperforming fixed-test baselines on SWE-bench Lite and SWT-bench Lite.
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GlimpRouter: Efficient Collaborative Inference by Glimpsing One Token of Thoughts
GlimpRouter uses the entropy of the first token in each reasoning step to decide whether to invoke a large model, yielding 10.7% higher accuracy and 25.9% lower latency than a standalone large model on AIME25.
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Code as Agent Harness
A survey that organizes existing work on LLM-based agents around code as the central harness, structured in three layers of interfaces, mechanisms, and multi-agent scaling, with applications across domains and listed open challenges.