The CH₃OH/CH₃CN ratio in the S68N outflow is constant at ~100-200 and matches gas-phase astrochemical models only when cosmic-ray ionization rates are raised to ~10^{-14} s^{-1}.
Bistability in Interstellar Gas-Phase Chemistry
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We present an analysis of "bistability" in gas-phase chemical models of dark interstellar clouds. We identify the chemical mechanisms that allow high- and low-ionization solutions to the chemical rate-equations to coexist. We derive simple analytic scaling relations for the gas densities and ionization rates for which the chemistry becomes bistable. We explain why bistability is sensitive to the H3+ dissociative recombination rate coefficient, and why it is damped by gas-grain neutralization.
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Probing outflow physics through CH$_3$CN and CH$_3$OH chemistry
The CH₃OH/CH₃CN ratio in the S68N outflow is constant at ~100-200 and matches gas-phase astrochemical models only when cosmic-ray ionization rates are raised to ~10^{-14} s^{-1}.