A conformally invariant weight-six correction to the anomaly-induced effective action leaves a free parameter in the semiclassical stress tensor near a Schwarzschild black hole, producing quantum hair.
Breakdown of Semiclassical Gravity in Four-Dimensional Black Hole Evaporation
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abstract
We study black hole formation and evaporation in a four-dimensional semiclassical model that preserves diffeomorphism invariance and reproduces the one-loop trace anomaly. Solving the quantum-corrected Einstein equations for the collapse of a spherically symmetric null shell, we follow the formation and evaporation of a black hole with back-reaction included. The semiclassical solutions develop a spacelike thunderbolt singularity that emerges after the apparent horizon has receded and extends far from the black hole where the semiclassical curvature is a priori expected to be parametrically small. This behavior arises from a nonlinear instability of the higher-derivative semiclassical equations and is generic in models with anomaly-induced quantum corrections. The thunderbolt signals a breakdown of semiclassical effective field theory over macroscopic distances and undermines the standard formulation of the black hole information paradox.
fields
hep-th 2years
2026 2representative citing papers
The FFN dilaton-coupled anomaly model applied to the 2D Bardeen-like black hole enforces r_∞=√2 ℓ for quiescent finite-radius branches and excludes most null branches except the borderline p=2 power-law case under stronger state-tail decay.
citing papers explorer
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Conformally Invariant Corrections to the Anomaly-Induced Effective Action and Black Hole Evaporation in Four Dimensions
A conformally invariant weight-six correction to the anomaly-induced effective action leaves a free parameter in the semiclassical stress tensor near a Schwarzschild black hole, producing quantum hair.
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Anomaly-driven evaporation endpoints of a two-dimensional regular black hole
The FFN dilaton-coupled anomaly model applied to the 2D Bardeen-like black hole enforces r_∞=√2 ℓ for quiescent finite-radius branches and excludes most null branches except the borderline p=2 power-law case under stronger state-tail decay.