The eta-prime potential must have at least gcd(N,N_f) cusped branches when gcd(N,N_f)>1, and s-confinement is only possible when gcd(N,N_f)=1.
Topological effects in QCD and the problem of short-distance singularities
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The topological susceptibility and the higher moments of the topological charge distribution in QCD are expressed through certain n-point functions of the scalar and pseudo-scalar quark densities at vanishing momenta, which are free of short-distance singularities. Since the normalization of the correlation functions is determined by the non-singlet chiral Ward identities, these formulae provide an unambiguous regularization-independent definition of the moments and thus of the charge distribution.
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On cusps in the $\eta'$ potential
The eta-prime potential must have at least gcd(N,N_f) cusped branches when gcd(N,N_f)>1, and s-confinement is only possible when gcd(N,N_f)=1.