Causal analysis of LLMs finds standard bias metrics overestimate demographic effects due to context toxicity, with Western models showing higher refusal rates for certain groups and Eastern models showing targeted regional sensitivities.
The MIT Press, ??? (2017)
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The Geopolitics of AI Safety: A Causal Analysis of Regional LLM Bias
Causal analysis of LLMs finds standard bias metrics overestimate demographic effects due to context toxicity, with Western models showing higher refusal rates for certain groups and Eastern models showing targeted regional sensitivities.