Dark solitons on a spherical bubble BEC remain stable only below a critical nonlinear parameter and decay into vortex dipoles via a single unstable mode for each m ≥ 2, unlike full 3D cases that produce vortex rings.
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Stability of dark solitons in a bubble Bose-Einstein condensate
Dark solitons on a spherical bubble BEC remain stable only below a critical nonlinear parameter and decay into vortex dipoles via a single unstable mode for each m ≥ 2, unlike full 3D cases that produce vortex rings.