Only conformal coupling ξ=1/6 for scalar fields produces thermodynamic stability at all temperatures and radii in an Einstein universe; scalars must also be present alongside electromagnetic and neutrino radiation to maintain stability.
Streeruwitz, Vacuum fluctuations of a scalar field in an Einstein universe, Phys
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Thermodynamic stability in an Einstein universe
Only conformal coupling ξ=1/6 for scalar fields produces thermodynamic stability at all temperatures and radii in an Einstein universe; scalars must also be present alongside electromagnetic and neutrino radiation to maintain stability.