On 150 LeetCode problems, GPT-4.0 and DeepSeek-Reasoner beat three 3B-parameter models on correctness and speed; the 52% energy-efficiency claim counts any of three SLMs on correct outputs, not a per-model advantage.
Can llms generate green code-a comprehensive study through leetcode,
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Energy-Aware Code Generation with LLMs: Benchmarking Small vs. Large Language Models for Sustainable AI Programming
On 150 LeetCode problems, GPT-4.0 and DeepSeek-Reasoner beat three 3B-parameter models on correctness and speed; the 52% energy-efficiency claim counts any of three SLMs on correct outputs, not a per-model advantage.